Mackenzie Calderon, Roy

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Mackenzie Calderon, Roy

Afiliación principal

Centro universitario UMAG Cabo de Hornos

roy.mackenzie@umag.cl

ORCID

0000-0001-6620-1532

Jerarquía académica

Prof. Asistente B

Línea de investigación

Ciencia Antartica y Subantartica

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Mostrando 1 - 10 de 24

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DOI 10.1111/gcb.16748
Climate-driven spatial and temporal patterns in peatland pool biogeochemistry
2023-07
Arsenault, Julien
;
Talbot, Julie
;
Brown, Lee E.
;
Helbig, Manuel
;
Holden, Joseph
;
Hoyos-Santillan, Jorge
;
Jolin, Emilie
;
Mackenzie, Roy
;
Martinez-Cruz, Karla
;
Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando
Peatland pools are freshwater bodies that are highly dynamic aquatic ecosystems because of their small size and their development in organic-rich sediments. However, our ability to understand and predict their contribution to both local and global biogeochemical cycles under rapidly occurring environmental change is limited because the spatiotemporal drivers of their biogeochemical patterns and processes are poorly understood. We used (1) pool biogeochemical data from 20 peatlands in eastern Canada, the United Kingdom, and southern Patagonia and (2) multi-year data from an undisturbed peatland of eastern Canada, to determine how climate and terrain features drive the production, delivering and processing of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in peatland pools. Across sites, climate (24%) and terrain (13%) explained distinct portions of the variation in pool biogeochemistry, with climate driving spatial differences in pool dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration and aromaticity. Within the multi-year dataset, DOC, carbon dioxide (CO2), total N concentrations, and DOC aromaticity were highest in the shallowest pools and at the end of the growing seasons, and increased gradually from 2016 to 2021 in relation to a combination of increases in summer precipitation, mean air temperature for the previous fall, and number of extreme summer heat days. Given the contrasting effects of terrain and climate, broad-scale terrain characteristics may offer a baseline for the prediction of small-scale pool biogeochemistry, while broad-scale climate gradients and relatively small year-to-year variations in local climate induce a noticeable response in pool biogeochemistry. These findings emphasize the reactivity of peatland pools to both local and global environmental change and highlight their potential to act as widely distributed climate sentinels within historically relatively stable peatland ecosystems.
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DOI 10.1111/gcb.16748
Climate-driven spatial and temporal patterns in peatland pool biogeochemistry
2023-07
Arsenault, Julien
;
Talbot, Julie
;
Brown, Lee E.
;
Helbig, Manuel
;
Holden, Joseph
;
Hoyos-Santillan, Jorge
;
Jolin, Emilie
;
Mackenzie, Roy
;
Martinez-Cruz, Karla
;
Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando
Peatland pools are freshwater bodies that are highly dynamic aquatic ecosystems because of their small size and their development in organic-rich sediments. However, our ability to understand and predict their contribution to both local and global biogeochemical cycles under rapidly occurring environmental change is limited because the spatiotemporal drivers of their biogeochemical patterns and processes are poorly understood. We used (1) pool biogeochemical data from 20 peatlands in eastern Canada, the United Kingdom, and southern Patagonia and (2) multi-year data from an undisturbed peatland of eastern Canada, to determine how climate and terrain features drive the production, delivering and processing of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in peatland pools. Across sites, climate (24%) and terrain (13%) explained distinct portions of the variation in pool biogeochemistry, with climate driving spatial differences in pool dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration and aromaticity. Within the multi-year dataset, DOC, carbon dioxide (CO2), total N concentrations, and DOC aromaticity were highest in the shallowest pools and at the end of the growing seasons, and increased gradually from 2016 to 2021 in relation to a combination of increases in summer precipitation, mean air temperature for the previous fall, and number of extreme summer heat days. Given the contrasting effects of terrain and climate, broad-scale terrain characteristics may offer a baseline for the prediction of small-scale pool biogeochemistry, while broad-scale climate gradients and relatively small year-to-year variations in local climate induce a noticeable response in pool biogeochemistry. These findings emphasize the reactivity of peatland pools to both local and global environmental change and highlight their potential to act as widely distributed climate sentinels within historically relatively stable peatland ecosystems.
Scopus© Citations 10 2
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DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-17985-4
The Subantarctic Rayadito (Aphrastura subantarctica), a new bird species on the southernmost islands of the Americas
2022-08-26
Rozzi Marin, Ricardo Roberto
;
Quilodran, Claudio S.
;
Botero-Delgadillo, Esteban
;
Napolitano, Constanza
;
Torres-Mura, Juan C.
;
Barroso, Omar
;
Crego, Ramiro D.
;
Bravo, Camila
;
Ippi, Silvina
;
Quirici, Veronica
We describe a new taxon of terrestrial bird of the genus Aphrastura (rayaditos) inhabiting the Diego Ramirez Archipelago, the southernmost point of the American continent. This archipelago is geographically isolated and lacks terrestrial mammalian predators as well as woody plants, providing a contrasted habitat to the forests inhabited by the other two Aphrastura spp. Individuals of Diego Ramirez differ morphologically from Aphrastura spinicauda, the taxonomic group they were originally attributed to, by their larger beaks, longer tarsi, shorter tails, and larger body mass. These birds move at shorter distances from ground level, and instead of nesting in cavities in trees, they breed in cavities in the ground, reflecting different life-histories. Both taxa are genetically differentiated based on mitochondrial and autosomal markers, with no evidence of current gene flow. Although further research is required to define how far divergence has proceeded along the speciation continuum, we propose A. subantarctica as a new taxonomic unit, given its unique morphological, genetic, and behavioral attributes in a non-forested habitat. The discovery of this endemic passerine highlights the need to monitor and conserve this still-pristine archipelago devoid of exotic species, which is now protected by the recently created Diego Ramirez Islands-Drake Passage Marine Park.
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DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-17985-4
The Subantarctic Rayadito (Aphrastura subantarctica), a new bird species on the southernmost islands of the Americas
2022-08-26
Rozzi Marin, Ricardo Roberto
;
Quilodran, Claudio S.
;
Botero-Delgadillo, Esteban
;
Napolitano, Constanza
;
Torres-Mura, Juan C.
;
Barroso, Omar
;
Crego, Ramiro D.
;
Bravo, Camila
;
Ippi, Silvina
;
Quirici, Veronica
We describe a new taxon of terrestrial bird of the genus Aphrastura (rayaditos) inhabiting the Diego Ramirez Archipelago, the southernmost point of the American continent. This archipelago is geographically isolated and lacks terrestrial mammalian predators as well as woody plants, providing a contrasted habitat to the forests inhabited by the other two Aphrastura spp. Individuals of Diego Ramirez differ morphologically from Aphrastura spinicauda, the taxonomic group they were originally attributed to, by their larger beaks, longer tarsi, shorter tails, and larger body mass. These birds move at shorter distances from ground level, and instead of nesting in cavities in trees, they breed in cavities in the ground, reflecting different life-histories. Both taxa are genetically differentiated based on mitochondrial and autosomal markers, with no evidence of current gene flow. Although further research is required to define how far divergence has proceeded along the speciation continuum, we propose A. subantarctica as a new taxonomic unit, given its unique morphological, genetic, and behavioral attributes in a non-forested habitat. The discovery of this endemic passerine highlights the need to monitor and conserve this still-pristine archipelago devoid of exotic species, which is now protected by the recently created Diego Ramirez Islands-Drake Passage Marine Park.
Scopus© Citations 1
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DOI 10.1111/gcb.16060
Global maps of soil temperature
2022-05
Lembrechts, Jonas J.
;
Contador Mejias, Tamara Andrea
;
Mackenzie Calderon, Roy
;
Ashcroft, Michael B.
;
De Frenne, Pieter
;
Kemppinen, Julia
;
Kopecky, Martin
;
Luoto, Miska
;
Maclean, Ilya M. D.
;
Crowther, Thomas W.
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km(2) resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km(2) pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10 degrees C (mean = 3.0 +/- 2.1 degrees C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 +/- 2.3 degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
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DOI 10.1111/gcb.16060
Global maps of soil temperature
2022-05
Lembrechts, Jonas J.
;
Contador Mejias, Tamara Andrea
;
Mackenzie Calderon, Roy
;
Ashcroft, Michael B.
;
De Frenne, Pieter
;
Kemppinen, Julia
;
Kopecky, Martin
;
Luoto, Miska
;
Maclean, Ilya M. D.
;
Crowther, Thomas W.
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km(2) resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km(2) pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10 degrees C (mean = 3.0 +/- 2.1 degrees C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 +/- 2.3 degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Scopus© Citations 266
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DOI 10.19189/map.2020.snpg.sta.2021
Peatlands of Southern South America: a review
2021
Leon, Carolina A.
;
Gabriel, Marvin
;
Rodriguez, Carolina
;
Iturraspe, Rodolfo
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Savoretti, Adolfina
;
Pancotto, Veronica
;
Benitez-Mora, Alfonso
;
Valdes, Ariel
;
Diaz, Maria F.
;
Oberpaur, Christel
Southern South American peatlands (SSAP) play a key role in the ecological dynamics of Patagonia. They mostly comprise of undisturbed environments which provide important ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, water reservoir and habitat for both widespread and endemic organisms. When compared with boreal peatlands, our knowledge of the functioning of SSAP is poor, and it is necessary to raise awareness about their scientific and ecological value and to ensure their conservation. This article examines a broad base of historical and contemporary published research literature on the peatlands of Chile and Argentina, from 1843 onwards, to identify gaps in knowledge, implications for the assessment of peatland functioning, and targets for peatland conservation and management. To achieve this goal, we reviewed a total of 196 research papers/reports from across the peer-reviewed and grey literature. We conclude that gaps in our knowledge and understanding of SSAP have deeply undermined the development of effective conservation strategies for these understudied ecosystems. To reverse this situation, we recommend that future research and management efforts should aim: (1) to build an inventory of the peatlands that exist in SSAP, including their location and area; (2) to ensure land use planning prioritises the maintenance of SSAP ecosystem services; (3) to improve existing legislation and protocols of good and sustainable practice for extractive activities; and (4) to carry out an extensive awareness campaign aimed at the local population and key decision makers.
Scopus© Citations 22 2
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DOI 10.4067/s0718-686x2020000300099
Siete nuevos registros de macroalgas para el archipiélago Diego Ramírez (56°31'S): El valor del nuevo parque marino como sumidero de carbono y conservación de la biodiversidad subantártica
2020-12-01
Marambio Gallardo, Johanna Valeska
;
Sebastián Rosenfeld
;
Juan ́Pablo Rodríguez
;
Fabio Méndez
;
Contador Mejias, Tamara Andrea
;
Roy Mackenzie
;
Bernard Goffinet
;
Rozzi Marin, Ricardo Roberto
;
Mansilla Muñoz, Andres Omar
Las ecorregiones marinas de canales y fiordos del sur de Chile subantÃ¡rtica de Magallanes representan el lÃmite extremo de latitud sur para la distribuciÃ³n de numerosos grupos de organismos. En el caso del Hemisferio Sur, el punto de distribuciÃ³n mÃ¡s austral de representantes de las formaciones de â kelpsâ se encuentra en el archipiÃ©lago Diego RamÃrez, donde se registran las especies Lessonia flavicans, L. searlesiana y Macrocystis pyrifera. El archipiÃ©lago Diego RamÃrez se encuentra ubicado en el Paso Drake a 112 km al SO del Cabo de Hornos. Con respecto a la informaciÃ³n disponible para macroalgas se ha informado un total de 79 taxa, de los cuales muchos presentan afinidad subantÃ¡rtica-antÃ¡rtica. Pese al interÃ©s biogeogrÃ¡fico de las macroalgas del archipiÃ©lago Diego RamÃrez, no ha habido nuevos catastros que permitan evaluar si este archipiÃ©lago podrÃa representar el extremo norte de distribuciÃ³n de especies antÃ¡rticas y/o el extremo sur de especies magallÃ¡nicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar el catastro de macroalgas del archipiÃ©lago con el fin de detectar nuevos taxa que pudieran estar presentes en estas islas, asÃ como contribuir al anÃ¡lisis de las relaciones biogeogrÃ¡ficas de su ficoflora. De la campaÃ±a realizada en la isla Gonzalo se identificÃ³ un total de 19 taxa de macroalgas. En tÃ©rminos de riqueza por divisiÃ³n, Chlorophyta estuvo representada por 3 especies (16%), Ochrophyta por 7 taxa (37%) y Rhodophyta por 9 taxa, representando el 47% de la flora identificada. Con estos nuevos registros y los de trabajos previos, nuestro estudio genera un catastro actualizado de macroalgas para el archipiÃ©lago que concluye en la presencia de 86 taxa. En general, se pudo observar que las especies registradas durante este estudio y los trabajos previos analizados presentan afinidad subantÃ¡rtica.
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DOI 10.4067/s0718-235x2020000200186
Turismo de naturaleza en el extremo meridional de la Península de Brunswick (Patagonia, Chile): de la improvisación a la planificación
2020-12-01
Gonzalo Rosenfeld
;
Mackenzie Calderon, Roy
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
;
Muñoz Arriagada, Rene Santiago
;
Velislava Simeonova
;
Sebastián Rosenfeld
;
Maribel Osorio García
;
Julie Santin
La penÃnsula de Brunswick se ubica en el extremo mÃ¡s meridional de AmÃ©rica, la cual contiene numerosos atributos paisajÃsticos, histÃ³ricos y eco sistÃ©micos que la posiciona a nivel regional como un Ã¡rea de interÃ©s turÃstico. Sin embargo, tanto la planificaciÃ³n como la valoraciÃ³n por parte de la comunidad local para con esta Ã¡rea es deficiente. En este trabajo se van a inventariar sitios de interÃ©s turÃstico; evaluar su potencial; y finalmente elaborar una cartografÃa de su distribuciÃ³n espacial. Los resultados indican que los atractivos que mayor valoraciÃ³n tienen son: parque del Estrecho y parque de atracciones Fundo san Fernando, por contar con mejor infraestructura y poseer mejores terrenos para el desarrollo de actividades recreativas. En cuanto a los recursos terrestres, las mejores evaluaciones reciben bahÃa el Indio, Nodales y San NicolÃ¡s, por su ubicaciÃ³n y superficie apta para el desplazamiento. Finalmente, dentro de los recursos acuÃ¡ticos con mayor puntaje ha destacado el rÃo San Juan, ya que tiene mayor accesibilidad y actividades recreativas en su entorno. Los hallazgos de este estudio, se constituyen en un insumo territorial fundamental, para la elaboraciÃ³n de instrumentos de planificaciÃ³n turÃstica por parte de los actores locales de cara a la reactivaciÃ³n post-pandemia del turismo en la regiÃ³n de Magallanes.
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DOI 10.4067/s0718-686x2020000300139
Flora vascular y formaciones vegetacionales en el sitio de estudios socio-ecológicos a largo plazo, isla Gonzalo, archipiélago Diego Ramírez (56°31'S), Chile
2020-12-01
Mackenzie Calderon, Roy
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
;
Sebastián Rosenfeld
;
Contador Mejias, Tamara Andrea
;
Omar Barroso
;
Bernard Goffinet
;
Massardo Vega, Cristina Elvira Francisca
;
Patricio Arce‐Johnson
;
Rozzi Marin, Ricardo Roberto
La red de sitios de estudios socio-ecológicos a largo plazo en la Reserva de la Biósfera Cabo de Hornos (LTSER-Cabo de Hornos) se extiende hoy hasta la isla Gonzalo (56°31’S), archipiélago Diego Ramírez, como su sitio más austral. Ésta es también la isla más meridional del continente americano y de la ecorregión subantártica de Magallanes, albergando una enorme diversidad de fauna marina que fue intensamente explotada luego de su descubrimiento, hace 400 años. El objetivo general de la red LTSER- Cabo de Hornos es detectar impactos del cambio socio-ambiental global y contribuir a su mitigación. El objetivo específico de este trabajo es proveer una descripción actualizada de la flora vascular presente en la isla Gonzalo, que es un sitio de monitoreo crítico para el nuevo Parque Marino Islas Diego Ramírez-Paso Drake. El archipiélago Diego Ramírez forma parte de la región fitogeográfica subantártica, albergando formaciones vegetacionales únicas en el territorio chileno. Se actualiza la lista de especies de plantas vasculares registradas en la isla Gonzalo, la única habitada del archipiélago. El registro incluye ocho especies de plantas vasculares que comprenden la totalidad de especies previamente registradas en los islotes y las tres islas mayores del archipiélago (Gonzalo, Bartolomé y Norte). Ninguna de las especies colectadas tiene problemas de conservación. El muestreo confirmó que en la isla Gonzalo no ha ocurrido establecimiento de flora vascular exótica, incluso en lugares intervenidos alrededor del Faro de la Armada de Chile. Se recomienda un monitoreo estricto para prevenir el establecimiento y diseminación de plantas exóticas que potencialmente podrían alterar la vegetación de este archipiélago.

Mackenzie Calderon, Roy

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