Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier

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Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier

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Instituto de la Patagonia

osvaldo.vidal@umag.cl

ORCID

0000-0002-1394-5236

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Línea de investigación

Ciencia Antartica y Subantartica

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DOI 10.4067/s0717-66432022000200107
Implications of the use of plastic shelters in the initial performance of Nothofagus pumilio plantations in Torres del Paine National Park Implicancias del uso de protecciones plásticas en el desempeño inicial de plantaciones de Nothofagus pumilio en el Parque Nacional Torres del Paine
2022
Salinas, Patricio E.
;
Bannister, Jan R.
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
Environmental changes caused by fires in forest ecosystems can hinder reforestation processes, since it is necessary to have a cover that provides lateral protection. One solution to this problem has been the incorporation of tree shelter; however, there is evidence both for and against their use. The objectives of this study are to compare the initial performance (in terms of survival, growth and browsing) in Nothofagus pumilio plantations with and without the use of tree shelters in Torres del Paine National Park and to evaluate associated costs and operational yields involved in the use of this protections. Survival, growth and browsing variables were measured for 194 experimental units in three sectors of the park. The findings show that after four years, there are significant differences in survival and growth, being higher for plants with shelter. Browsing was also less likely under protected conditions. However, planting management and operational costs related to protections showed 51,6% additional costs and 14% loss of protections aesthetically affecting natural areas of the park. In consideration of the above, we conclude that the use of tree shelter favors a better performance in N. pumilio, however, we recommend that for a sustainable management of restoration actions, especially within wild areas, the financial, operational and environmental aspects associated with the use of tree shelter should be considered and counterbalanced.
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DOI 10.4067/s0717-66432022000200107
Implications of the use of plastic shelters in the initial performance of Nothofagus pumilio plantations in Torres del Paine National Park Implicancias del uso de protecciones plásticas en el desempeño inicial de plantaciones de Nothofagus pumilio en el Parque Nacional Torres del Paine
2022
Salinas, Patricio E.
;
Bannister, Jan R.
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
Environmental changes caused by fires in forest ecosystems can hinder reforestation processes, since it is necessary to have a cover that provides lateral protection. One solution to this problem has been the incorporation of tree shelter; however, there is evidence both for and against their use. The objectives of this study are to compare the initial performance (in terms of survival, growth and browsing) in Nothofagus pumilio plantations with and without the use of tree shelters in Torres del Paine National Park and to evaluate associated costs and operational yields involved in the use of this protections. Survival, growth and browsing variables were measured for 194 experimental units in three sectors of the park. The findings show that after four years, there are significant differences in survival and growth, being higher for plants with shelter. Browsing was also less likely under protected conditions. However, planting management and operational costs related to protections showed 51,6% additional costs and 14% loss of protections aesthetically affecting natural areas of the park. In consideration of the above, we conclude that the use of tree shelter favors a better performance in N. pumilio, however, we recommend that for a sustainable management of restoration actions, especially within wild areas, the financial, operational and environmental aspects associated with the use of tree shelter should be considered and counterbalanced.
Scopus© Citations 1
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DOI 10.23854/07199562.2022581.ramirez150
FLORA AND VEGETATION OF COASTAL WETLANDS OF THE COPIAPÓ RIVER, ATACAMA, CHILE AND THE IMPACT OF THE 2015 FLOOD FLORA Y VEGETACIÓN DE HUMEDALES COSTEROS EN EL RÍO COPIAPÓ, ATACAMA, CHILE Y EL IMPACTO DEL ALUVIÓN DE 2015
2022
Ramírez, None
;
Westermeier, Renato
;
Fariña, José Miguel
;
Martín, Cristina San
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
;
Vidal, Osvaldo
;
Ojeda, Nelson
;
Pérez, Yéssica
;
Morales, Manuel
The flora, vegetation and the effect on the first from the March 2015 flood on two coastal wetlands (Las Salinas and Copiapó river mouth) located in the Atacama Region of Chile. The flora consisted of 21 species from a phytosociological table of 88 vegetation samples, 11 species collected outside the samples and 11 that appeared after the 2015 flood, giving in total 44 species. In the biological spectrum, phanerophytes, camephytes and hemicryptophytes dominated. Four plant formations were distinguished: submerged acuatic plants, swamp with large helophytes, marshes and forests. Ten plant associations were determined: 2 submerged Ruppietum maritimae and Charetum- asoc. nova prov., 3 swamps with large helophytes Typhaetum angustifoliae, Phragmitetum australis, Schoenoplectetum californiae, 5 from marshes Schoenoplectetum americanae, Chorizantho-Sarcocornietum neeii asoc. nova, Tessario-Distichletum spicatae asoc. nova, Tessario-Juncetum acutae asoc. nova and 1 forest Geoffreetum decorticans asoc. nova. New associations are described, adding phytosociological tables and a type vegetation sample is designated for each one. These results are discussed and the flora is compared with that of 5 other coastal wetlands in the Norte Grande of Chile, demonstrating the lack of basic studies of flora and vegetation in them.
1
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DOI 10.4067/s0717-66432021000100065
Distribution in Chile and colonization in cayumapu river (Valdivia) of the invasive aquatic macrophyte limnobium laevigatum Distribución en Chile y colonización del río cayumapu (Valdivia) por el macrófito acuático invasor limnobium laevigatum
2021-06-01
Martín, Cristina San
;
Contreras, Domingo
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
;
Solís, José Luis
;
Ramírez, Carlos
Limnobium laevigatum is an invasive aquatic herb that increases its range in Chile to displace native species from its place in the coastal zonation of the fresh water bodies. Seasonal biomass production and reproduction of this species are studied in the Sanctuary of Nature "Carlos Anwandter" in Valdivia, Chile. The change experienced by the coastal zonation of the river is established due to the aggressiveness of this invasive species, which was favored by the eutrophication of the waters. The average annual biomass reaches 6,140 kg/ha. The organs with the greatest contribution to biomass are the emergent leaves and the roots. Biomass production was higher in summer and lower in spring, when high values of necromass were also measured, indicating the presence of an unknown deleterious factor. The biomass of roots and emerging leaves has the same seasonal route with a decrease in spring, while the swimming leaves and the necromass show an inverse behavior. The presence of flowers and fruits was confirmed, which supports the hypothesis proposed of sexual reproduction for the Valdivian populations. Finally, a phenological diagram indicates the presence of viable fruits and seeds throughout the year.
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DOI 10.4067/s0717-66432021000100038
Ecological characterization of an ombrogenic peatland in magallanes: Towards a proposal of bioindicators for environmental monitoring Caracterización ecológica de una turbera ombrogénica en magallanes: Hacia una propuesta de bioindicadores de monitoreo ambiental
2021-06-01
Monsalve, Erika
;
Muñoz Arriagada, Rene Santiago
;
Bahamonde, Nelson
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
Ombrogenic peat bogs are ecologically extreme ecosystems, where the restrictive conditions such as anoxia, high acidity and low availability of nutrients allow a gradual accumulation of the organic substrate known as peat. This substrate is of great commercial interest because it is exploited for horticultural purposes and energy biomass. The exploitation of peat, however, involves the removal of vegetation, which has an important effect on secondary succession and ecosystem resilience. The flora and vegetation of peat bogs in the Brunswick Peninsula (Magallanes), in an area susceptible to mining exploitation, was studied to characterize ecological indicators. Phytosociological surveys were carried out to determine attributes of composition and structure at the community and landscape scale. This information was collated with satellite images and analyzed by univariate procedures (e.g. KW, Pearson) and multivariate (e.g. NMDS, ISA, ANOSIM). The following types of ombrogenic peat bogs were differentiated: graminoid, chamaephytic, Sphagnum and pulvinated peat bogs, which were associated with a terrestrialization to paludification gradient, and decomposition. The highest average richness was recorded in the pulvinated peat bogs. The chamaephytic and graminoid bogs has the largest areas, while the pulvinated were distributed in a few hectares. Diagnostic species (e.g. Caltha appendiculata, Donatia fascicularis, Drosera uniflora, Myrteola nummularia) were associated with one or another type of vegetation, showing ecological preferences. No exotic species were recorded. This information can help define critical levels of resilience and propose management and restoration strategies in post-disturbance abandoned peatlands.
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DOI 10.4067/s0717-66432021000100038
Ecological characterization of an ombrogenic peatland in magallanes: Towards a proposal of bioindicators for environmental monitoring Caracterización ecológica de una turbera ombrogénica en magallanes: Hacia una propuesta de bioindicadores de monitoreo ambiental
2021-06-01
Monsalve, Erika
;
Muñoz Arriagada, Rene Santiago
;
Bahamonde, Nelson
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
Ombrogenic peat bogs are ecologically extreme ecosystems, where the restrictive conditions such as anoxia, high acidity and low availability of nutrients allow a gradual accumulation of the organic substrate known as peat. This substrate is of great commercial interest because it is exploited for horticultural purposes and energy biomass. The exploitation of peat, however, involves the removal of vegetation, which has an important effect on secondary succession and ecosystem resilience. The flora and vegetation of peat bogs in the Brunswick Peninsula (Magallanes), in an area susceptible to mining exploitation, was studied to characterize ecological indicators. Phytosociological surveys were carried out to determine attributes of composition and structure at the community and landscape scale. This information was collated with satellite images and analyzed by univariate procedures (e.g. KW, Pearson) and multivariate (e.g. NMDS, ISA, ANOSIM). The following types of ombrogenic peat bogs were differentiated: graminoid, chamaephytic, Sphagnum and pulvinated peat bogs, which were associated with a terrestrialization to paludification gradient, and decomposition. The highest average richness was recorded in the pulvinated peat bogs. The chamaephytic and graminoid bogs has the largest areas, while the pulvinated were distributed in a few hectares. Diagnostic species (e.g. Caltha appendiculata, Donatia fascicularis, Drosera uniflora, Myrteola nummularia) were associated with one or another type of vegetation, showing ecological preferences. No exotic species were recorded. This information can help define critical levels of resilience and propose management and restoration strategies in post-disturbance abandoned peatlands.
Scopus© Citations 5 2
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DOI 10.4067/s0717-66432021000100065
Distribution in Chile and colonization in cayumapu river (Valdivia) of the invasive aquatic macrophyte limnobium laevigatum Distribución en Chile y colonización del río cayumapu (Valdivia) por el macrófito acuático invasor limnobium laevigatum
2021-06-01
Martín, Cristina San
;
Contreras, Domingo
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
;
Solís, José Luis
;
Ramírez, Carlos
Limnobium laevigatum is an invasive aquatic herb that increases its range in Chile to displace native species from its place in the coastal zonation of the fresh water bodies. Seasonal biomass production and reproduction of this species are studied in the Sanctuary of Nature "Carlos Anwandter" in Valdivia, Chile. The change experienced by the coastal zonation of the river is established due to the aggressiveness of this invasive species, which was favored by the eutrophication of the waters. The average annual biomass reaches 6,140 kg/ha. The organs with the greatest contribution to biomass are the emergent leaves and the roots. Biomass production was higher in summer and lower in spring, when high values of necromass were also measured, indicating the presence of an unknown deleterious factor. The biomass of roots and emerging leaves has the same seasonal route with a decrease in spring, while the swimming leaves and the necromass show an inverse behavior. The presence of flowers and fruits was confirmed, which supports the hypothesis proposed of sexual reproduction for the Valdivian populations. Finally, a phenological diagram indicates the presence of viable fruits and seeds throughout the year.
Scopus© Citations 1 1
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DOI 10.4067/s0717-92002021000200187
Peat bog wetlands of Aisen Region (Chilean Patagonia): Classification and ordination of flora and vegetation
2021
Ramirez, Carlos
;
San Martin, Cristina
;
Amigo, Javier
;
Alvarez, Miguel
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
;
Perez, Yessica
;
Toledo, Gisela
The peat bogs of Capitan Prat Province in Aisen Region in Chilean Patagonia were studied, raising 204 vegetation samples with plant sociological methodology, with which an initial table with 106 species of flora in its first column was built. With traditional methodology, this table was ordered using differential species and with multivariate classification and ordination statistics, all the possible ecological information contained in it was extracted. Four plant communities of the peat bog formation were determined: Gaultherio-Sphagnetum magellanici (Sphagnum peat bog), Schoeno andinus- Lepidothamnetum fonkii (cipres enano peat bog), Cortaderio egmontianae-Schoenetum andinus (gramineous peat bog) and Drosero uniflorae-Donatietum fascicularis (pulvinate peat bog). The third Cortaderio egmontianae-Schoenetum andinus is proposed as a new plant association. The floristic similarity among them was high, even though they can be easily physiognomically differentiated. Multivariate ordination suggests that waterlogging and temperature, conditioned by relief and altitude, are important factors in the differentiation of peat bog communities. It is concluded that of these four associations, two-the Sphagnum peat bog and Lepidothamnus fonkii peat bog- correspond to the region of the evergreen Magellanic Forest, while the other two are northern outposts of the Magellanic Tundra Region, typical of the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Chile and New Zealand.
Scopus© Citations 1 3
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DOI 10.4067/s0718-235x2020000200186
Turismo de naturaleza en el extremo meridional de la Península de Brunswick (Patagonia, Chile): de la improvisación a la planificación
2020-12-01
Gonzalo Rosenfeld
;
Mackenzie Calderon, Roy
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
;
Muñoz Arriagada, Rene Santiago
;
Velislava Simeonova
;
Sebastián Rosenfeld
;
Maribel Osorio García
;
Julie Santin
La penÃnsula de Brunswick se ubica en el extremo mÃ¡s meridional de AmÃ©rica, la cual contiene numerosos atributos paisajÃsticos, histÃ³ricos y eco sistÃ©micos que la posiciona a nivel regional como un Ã¡rea de interÃ©s turÃstico. Sin embargo, tanto la planificaciÃ³n como la valoraciÃ³n por parte de la comunidad local para con esta Ã¡rea es deficiente. En este trabajo se van a inventariar sitios de interÃ©s turÃstico; evaluar su potencial; y finalmente elaborar una cartografÃa de su distribuciÃ³n espacial. Los resultados indican que los atractivos que mayor valoraciÃ³n tienen son: parque del Estrecho y parque de atracciones Fundo san Fernando, por contar con mejor infraestructura y poseer mejores terrenos para el desarrollo de actividades recreativas. En cuanto a los recursos terrestres, las mejores evaluaciones reciben bahÃa el Indio, Nodales y San NicolÃ¡s, por su ubicaciÃ³n y superficie apta para el desplazamiento. Finalmente, dentro de los recursos acuÃ¡ticos con mayor puntaje ha destacado el rÃo San Juan, ya que tiene mayor accesibilidad y actividades recreativas en su entorno. Los hallazgos de este estudio, se constituyen en un insumo territorial fundamental, para la elaboraciÃ³n de instrumentos de planificaciÃ³n turÃstica por parte de los actores locales de cara a la reactivaciÃ³n post-pandemia del turismo en la regiÃ³n de Magallanes.
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DOI 10.4067/s0718-686x2020000300139
Flora vascular y formaciones vegetacionales en el sitio de estudios socio-ecológicos a largo plazo, isla Gonzalo, archipiélago Diego Ramírez (56°31'S), Chile
2020-12-01
Mackenzie Calderon, Roy
;
Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier
;
Sebastián Rosenfeld
;
Contador Mejias, Tamara Andrea
;
Omar Barroso
;
Bernard Goffinet
;
Massardo Vega, Cristina Elvira Francisca
;
Patricio Arce‐Johnson
;
Rozzi Marin, Ricardo Roberto
La red de sitios de estudios socio-ecológicos a largo plazo en la Reserva de la Biósfera Cabo de Hornos (LTSER-Cabo de Hornos) se extiende hoy hasta la isla Gonzalo (56°31’S), archipiélago Diego Ramírez, como su sitio más austral. Ésta es también la isla más meridional del continente americano y de la ecorregión subantártica de Magallanes, albergando una enorme diversidad de fauna marina que fue intensamente explotada luego de su descubrimiento, hace 400 años. El objetivo general de la red LTSER- Cabo de Hornos es detectar impactos del cambio socio-ambiental global y contribuir a su mitigación. El objetivo específico de este trabajo es proveer una descripción actualizada de la flora vascular presente en la isla Gonzalo, que es un sitio de monitoreo crítico para el nuevo Parque Marino Islas Diego Ramírez-Paso Drake. El archipiélago Diego Ramírez forma parte de la región fitogeográfica subantártica, albergando formaciones vegetacionales únicas en el territorio chileno. Se actualiza la lista de especies de plantas vasculares registradas en la isla Gonzalo, la única habitada del archipiélago. El registro incluye ocho especies de plantas vasculares que comprenden la totalidad de especies previamente registradas en los islotes y las tres islas mayores del archipiélago (Gonzalo, Bartolomé y Norte). Ninguna de las especies colectadas tiene problemas de conservación. El muestreo confirmó que en la isla Gonzalo no ha ocurrido establecimiento de flora vascular exótica, incluso en lugares intervenidos alrededor del Faro de la Armada de Chile. Se recomienda un monitoreo estricto para prevenir el establecimiento y diseminación de plantas exóticas que potencialmente podrían alterar la vegetación de este archipiélago.

Vidal Ojeda, Osvaldo Javier

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