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DOI 10.3390/ijerph192013690
Physical Fitness, Screen Time and Sleep Habits According to Obesity Levels in Schoolchildren: Findings from the Health Survey of the Extreme South of Chile
2022-10
Carrasco-Marin, Fernanda
;
Petermann-Rocha, Fanny
;
Martorell, Miquel
;
Concha-Cisternas, Yenny
;
Parra-Soto, Solange
;
Zapata-Lamana, Rafael
;
Albornoz Guerrero, Javier Hernan
;
Garcia-Perez-de-Sevilla, Guillermo
;
Antonia Parra-Rizo, Maria
;
Cigarroa, Igor
Obesity is a worry because it is associated with a greater burden of disease, and it has been shown to be related to the health habits and physical condition of children and adolescents. Objective: To associate physical fitness, screen time, and sleep habits with the different categories of obesity in schoolchildren from the extreme south of Chile. Methods: 583 schoolchildren were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The screen time and sleep habits were measured with the Sleep Self-Report questionnaire, while the physical fitness was assessed with the Alpha Fitness test battery. The Body Mass Index/age (BMI/age) and the Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHr) were used to define adiposity using the following categories: healthy weight/low-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/LR), healthy weight/high-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/HR), overweight/low-risk waist to height ratio (O/LR), and overweight/high-risk waist to height ratio (O/HR). Results: A considerable number of schoolchildren (23.2%) presented sleep problems, while the mean screen time was 9.3 (95% CI: 8.4; 10.1) hours/day. Schoolchildren classified as H/HR showed better physical fitness than the O/HR group but worse physical fitness than the H/LR group. Conclusions: Significant differences were evidenced in the physical fitness between the adiposity categories, which could open future lines of research concerning the characterization of the healthy weight-obese adiposity categories in children.
Scopus© Citations 2 2
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DOI 10.4067/s0718-48082022000100023
Comportamiento de la actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios en Chile
2022-04
Reyes-Molina, Daniel
;
Nazar, Gabriela
;
Cigarroa, Igor
;
Zapata-Lamana, Rafael
;
Aguilar-Farias, Nicolás
;
Parra-Rizo, María Antonia
;
Albornoz Guerrero, Javier Hernan
Resumen Antecedentes La pandemia por COVID-19 ha impactado en la actividad física y salud psicológica de estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo Analizar el comportamiento de la actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios en Chile. Método Estudio transversal en una muestra de 469 estudiantes de diferentes universidades de Chile (67,4% mujeres, M= 21,7 DT= 2,45 años). Se midió el comportamiento de la actividad física, bienestar subjetivo y salud mental. Resultados Los estudiantes que mantuvieron un comportamiento físicamente activo antes y durante la pandemia presentaron mayor bienestar subjetivo (hombres: p = 0,020; y mujeres p <0,0001) que quienes se mantuvieron físicamente inactivos antes y durante la pandemia (mujeres M= 4,84, DE= 1,64; hombres M= 4,46, DT= 1,27). Las mujeres que se volvieron físicamente inactivas durante la pandemia tuvieron menos experiencias afectivas negativas que mujeres que eran inactivas antes de la pandemia ( F (3,293)=3,118; p =0,026). La sintomatología de salud mental se reportó con menor frecuencia en estudiantes físicamente activos que inactivos. Conclusión Estudiantes que se mantuvieron físicamente activos antes y durante la pandemia mostraron mejores indicadores de bienestar subjetivo y salud mental que quienes se mantuvieron físicamente inactivos o pasaron a ser físicamente inactivos durante la pandemia. La actividad física debe promoverse en la educación superior, debido a su potencial efecto protector en el manejo de consecuencias psicológicas durante una crisis pandémica.
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DOI 10.4067/s0718-48082022000100023
Comportamiento de la actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios en Chile
2022-04
Reyes-Molina, Daniel
;
Nazar, Gabriela
;
Cigarroa, Igor
;
Zapata-Lamana, Rafael
;
Aguilar-Farias, Nicolás
;
Parra-Rizo, María Antonia
;
Albornoz Guerrero, Javier Hernan
Resumen Antecedentes La pandemia por COVID-19 ha impactado en la actividad física y salud psicológica de estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo Analizar el comportamiento de la actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios en Chile. Método Estudio transversal en una muestra de 469 estudiantes de diferentes universidades de Chile (67,4% mujeres, M= 21,7 DT= 2,45 años). Se midió el comportamiento de la actividad física, bienestar subjetivo y salud mental. Resultados Los estudiantes que mantuvieron un comportamiento físicamente activo antes y durante la pandemia presentaron mayor bienestar subjetivo (hombres: p = 0,020; y mujeres p <0,0001) que quienes se mantuvieron físicamente inactivos antes y durante la pandemia (mujeres M= 4,84, DE= 1,64; hombres M= 4,46, DT= 1,27). Las mujeres que se volvieron físicamente inactivas durante la pandemia tuvieron menos experiencias afectivas negativas que mujeres que eran inactivas antes de la pandemia ( F (3,293)=3,118; p =0,026). La sintomatología de salud mental se reportó con menor frecuencia en estudiantes físicamente activos que inactivos. Conclusión Estudiantes que se mantuvieron físicamente activos antes y durante la pandemia mostraron mejores indicadores de bienestar subjetivo y salud mental que quienes se mantuvieron físicamente inactivos o pasaron a ser físicamente inactivos durante la pandemia. La actividad física debe promoverse en la educación superior, debido a su potencial efecto protector en el manejo de consecuencias psicológicas durante una crisis pandémica.
Scopus© Citations 14 2
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DOI 10.1590/1980-54702022v28e0036
Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Medida de la Identidad Docente
2022
VALDENEGRO FUENTES, Lidia
;
Gonzalez Sanzana, Alvaro
RESUMEN: La identidad docente desempeña un papel fundamental en el ejercicio de la profesión. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Medida de la Identidad Docente para ser empleada en investigaciones en el contexto chileno y aportar lineamientos para la utilización de este instrumento en el contexto hispanoparlante. Participaron 242 estudiantes de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Especial de 10 universidades chilenas. Se empleó el procedimiento de traducción y retrotraducción, obteniendo evidencia de validez de contenido mediante el juicio de expertos y el índice de concordancia V de Aiken. A través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se comprueba un buen nivel de ajuste del instrumento, mientras que la consistencia interna es verificada mediante el Coeficiente de Omega (ω), evidenciando buenos índices de confiabilidad. Los hallazgos muestran que la versión traducida y adaptada de la escala es válida y fiable para ser empleada en estudiantes universitarios de Pedagogía en Chile, pudiendo contribuir a la comprensión del desarrollo de la identidad docente en futuros profesores
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DOI 10.1590/1980-54702022v28e0036
Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Medida de la Identidad Docente
2022
VALDENEGRO FUENTES, Lidia
;
Gonzalez Sanzana, Alvaro
RESUMEN: La identidad docente desempeña un papel fundamental en el ejercicio de la profesión. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Medida de la Identidad Docente para ser empleada en investigaciones en el contexto chileno y aportar lineamientos para la utilización de este instrumento en el contexto hispanoparlante. Participaron 242 estudiantes de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Especial de 10 universidades chilenas. Se empleó el procedimiento de traducción y retrotraducción, obteniendo evidencia de validez de contenido mediante el juicio de expertos y el índice de concordancia V de Aiken. A través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se comprueba un buen nivel de ajuste del instrumento, mientras que la consistencia interna es verificada mediante el Coeficiente de Omega (ω), evidenciando buenos índices de confiabilidad. Los hallazgos muestran que la versión traducida y adaptada de la escala es válida y fiable para ser empleada en estudiantes universitarios de Pedagogía en Chile, pudiendo contribuir a la comprensión del desarrollo de la identidad docente en futuros profesores
Scopus© Citations 2 1
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DOI 10.4067/s0718-50062021000300127
Academic support required by university students: evidence for higher education academic support policies
2021-06-01
Valenzuela, Jorge
;
Miranda-Ossandón, Jorge
;
Gonzalez Sanzana, Alvaro
;
Muñoz, Carla
This primary aim of this study is to characterize the different types of academic support that university students require to successfully complete their studies. The context is a growing demand for inclusive access to higher education. The sample is composed of 758 Chilean university students. The types of support that students perceive as essential are identified hierarchically and their diversity is examined. The results show high demand for all the academic support types assessed. This puts into question the approach used by educational institutions, which focuses on specific aspects identified as deficiencies, and suggest that academic support-related issues should be understood and addressed from a broader, more holistic, and more integrated manner. It is concluded that strategic and instrumental academic supports are the main academic supports required by students.
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DOI 10.4067/s0718-50062021000300127
Academic support required by university students: evidence for higher education academic support policies
2021-06-01
Valenzuela, Jorge
;
Miranda-Ossandón, Jorge
;
Gonzalez Sanzana, Alvaro
;
Muñoz, Carla
This primary aim of this study is to characterize the different types of academic support that university students require to successfully complete their studies. The context is a growing demand for inclusive access to higher education. The sample is composed of 758 Chilean university students. The types of support that students perceive as essential are identified hierarchically and their diversity is examined. The results show high demand for all the academic support types assessed. This puts into question the approach used by educational institutions, which focuses on specific aspects identified as deficiencies, and suggest that academic support-related issues should be understood and addressed from a broader, more holistic, and more integrated manner. It is concluded that strategic and instrumental academic supports are the main academic supports required by students.
Scopus© Citations 8 2
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DOI 10.3390/ijerph18063098
Characteristics of Multicomponent Interventions to Treat Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Extremely Cold Climates: A Systematic Review of a Randomized Controlled Trial
2021-03
Albornoz Guerrero, Javier Hernan
;
Garcia, Sonia
;
Perez de Sevilla, Guillermo Garcia
;
Cigarroa, Igor
;
Zapata-Lamana, Rafael
Aim: To analyze the characteristics of multicomponent interventions to reduce childhood overweight and obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. MEDLINE, PsycNet, SciELO, and grey literature databases were reviewed in the period between 2010 and 2020. Results: 29 articles were included (n = 4434 participants; 9.3 years; 56% women) with an average adherence of 86%, 100% being the highest adherence, for the physical activity and nutrition interventions. The primary variables studied were BMI, BMI Z-score BMI-SDS and, additionally, the secondary variables studied were nutritional status and physical and mental health. In 72% of the interventions presented, positive effects were seen on the reduction of BMI, including in parents and their children. The interventions were carried out mainly by nutritionists in health centers. The duration of the 29 interventions was <= 6 months and >= 12 months, in 59% and 41% of the studies, respectively. 57% of the studies reported post-intervention results. 86% of the interventions included a physical activity component, 80% included a nutrition component, 66% included a behavioral therapy component and 55% included an education component. Concerning the effects of the intervention on the primary outcome, in interventions with a duration equal to or less than six months, the most effective interventions included recreational activities, education, and nutritional programs. In interventions lasting 12 months or more, the most effective interventions included physical activity recommendations, nutritional and physical exercise programs, and cooking classes. Conclusions: This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of, and characterized, multicomponent interventions lasting for 6 and 12 months, aiming to treat childhood obesity in extremely cold climates. The most frequently used units of measurement were also analyzed and summarized. Evidence derived from RCT. These results can be useful for designing future interventions to treat childhood obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate.
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DOI 10.3390/ijerph18063098
Characteristics of Multicomponent Interventions to Treat Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Extremely Cold Climates: A Systematic Review of a Randomized Controlled Trial
2021-03
Albornoz Guerrero, Javier Hernan
;
Garcia, Sonia
;
Perez de Sevilla, Guillermo Garcia
;
Cigarroa, Igor
;
Zapata-Lamana, Rafael
Aim: To analyze the characteristics of multicomponent interventions to reduce childhood overweight and obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. MEDLINE, PsycNet, SciELO, and grey literature databases were reviewed in the period between 2010 and 2020. Results: 29 articles were included (n = 4434 participants; 9.3 years; 56% women) with an average adherence of 86%, 100% being the highest adherence, for the physical activity and nutrition interventions. The primary variables studied were BMI, BMI Z-score BMI-SDS and, additionally, the secondary variables studied were nutritional status and physical and mental health. In 72% of the interventions presented, positive effects were seen on the reduction of BMI, including in parents and their children. The interventions were carried out mainly by nutritionists in health centers. The duration of the 29 interventions was <= 6 months and >= 12 months, in 59% and 41% of the studies, respectively. 57% of the studies reported post-intervention results. 86% of the interventions included a physical activity component, 80% included a nutrition component, 66% included a behavioral therapy component and 55% included an education component. Concerning the effects of the intervention on the primary outcome, in interventions with a duration equal to or less than six months, the most effective interventions included recreational activities, education, and nutritional programs. In interventions lasting 12 months or more, the most effective interventions included physical activity recommendations, nutritional and physical exercise programs, and cooking classes. Conclusions: This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of, and characterized, multicomponent interventions lasting for 6 and 12 months, aiming to treat childhood obesity in extremely cold climates. The most frequently used units of measurement were also analyzed and summarized. Evidence derived from RCT. These results can be useful for designing future interventions to treat childhood obesity in territories with an extremely cold climate.
Scopus© Citations 8 1
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DOI 10.7764/analeslitchi.35.02
Exemplum, anticonquista y heterotopías de Isla Dawson en Florecillas silvestres. Territorio de Magallanes de Mayorino Borgatello
2021-01-01
Formoso Bavich, Christian Enrique
Entre los varios ejemplos y principios que permitirían leer las representaciones del espacio magallánico desde el concepto de heterotopía (Foucault, 1967), el de heterotopía de desviación asoma fuertemente relacionado con la experiencia histórica a orillas del Estrecho. Este artículo explora las relaciones entre esa variante conceptual y las representaciones de isla Dawson en el libro Florecillas salvajes. Territorio de Magallanes (1920), del sacerdote Mayorino Borgatello. Sostengo que la obra muestra a la Misión sa-lesiana y los indígenas selk’nam recluidos en ella desde las convenciones del ‘exemplum’, proponiendo al enclave como un reducto de buen vivir y morir. La Misión de isla Dawson sería, así, una heterotopíade desviación y compensación al mismo tiempo, donde los indígenas habrían ‘alcanzado la perfección humana’ y ganado el ‘paraíso’. La marca heterotópica “que la cristiandad dejó en el espacio y la geogra-fía” (Foucault 1066) física y cultural de Magallanes, y la representación de la experiencia salesiana en la isla —que en la obra convoca la idea de “anticonquista” de M. L. Pratt—, borran las marcas de esta experiencia histórica donde paraíso e historia configuran la dolorosa yuxtaposición de espacios imposibles sobre la isla, propia de las heterotopías.

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