A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Kushnir, Elizaveta
Nadif, Khaoula
Bravo, Olalla Nino
Nauman, Rafia
Oosterlinck, Marlies
Pilecka, Natalia
Kirgizova, Komila
Muminov, Abdumalik
Maldonado, Monica Alarcon
Sacakli, Asli
Moshontz, Hannah
- 1Harvard University
- 2Northwestern University
- 3Willamette University
- 4University of Tartu
- 5Stanford University
- 6Adekunle Ajasin Univ
- 7Universidade do Porto
- 8University of Deusto
- 9University of Navarra
- 10University of Valencia
- 11California State University System
- 12Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE)
- 13Ruhr University Bochum
- 14Kindergarten Kustosija
- 15University of Lahore
- 16Montclair State University
- 17European University Cyprus
- 18Leiden University
- 19University of Oxford
- 20Queens University Belfast
- 21Leiden University - Excl LUMC
- 22Jagiellonian University
- 23Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
- 24HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics)
- 25SWPS University of Social Sciences & Humanities
- 26Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET UNC
- 27University of Cyprus
- 28Abo Akademi University
- 29Afyon Kocatepe University
- 30Alex Ekwueme Fed Univ Ndufu Alike
- 31Ankara Medipol University
- 32Ankara Science University
- 33Arellano Univ
- 34University System of Ohio
- 35Atilim University
- 36Australian Catholic University
- 37Universidade de Lisboa
- 38Ben Gurion University
- 39Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
- 40Bournemouth University
- 41SWPS Univ Social Sci & Humanities Sopot
- 42Universidad del Desarrollo
- 43Charles University Prague
- 44Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention
- 45Claremont Colleges
- 46Universite de Toulouse
- 47University of Ljubljana
- 48Murdoch University
- 49Comenius University Bratislava
- 50Concordia University - Canada
- 51De La Salle University
- 52Universidad de La Frontera
- 53United Arab Emirates University
- 54University of Vienna
- 55New Bulgarian University
- 56Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- 57Universidade de Sao Paulo
- 58University of Padua
- 59Tzu Chi University
- 60Aarhus University
- 61Kingston University
- 62Baylor College of Medicine
- 63Macquarie University
- 64Mugla Sitki Kocman University
- 65Swinburne University of Technology
- 66Nova Southeastern University
- 67University of St Andrews
- 68Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
- 69University of Pavol Jozef Safarik Kosice
- 70Matej Bel University
- 71University of JJ Strossmayer Osijek
- 72University of Primorska
- 73University of Tehran
- 74University of Amsterdam
- 75Goethe University Frankfurt
- 76Lancaster University
- 77Manchester Metropolitan University
- 78Mohammed V University in Rabat
- 79Northern Illinois University
- 80Oakland Univ
- 81Sapienza University Rome
- 82Simon Fraser University
- 83Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
- 84University of Cambridge
- 85University of Crete
- 86University of Hong Kong
- 87
- 88University of Maribor
- 89University of Minnesota System
- 90University of Mississippi
- 91University of Oslo
- 92University of Sheffield
- 93University of Southern California
- 94Tilburg Univ
- 95University of Haifa
- 96Urmia University
- 97Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education
- 98University of Canberra
- 99University of London
- 100Dominican Univ
- 101Eindhoven University of Technology
- 102University of Presov
- 103Dr Lazar Vrkat Fac Legal & Business Studies
- 104University of Warsaw
- 105Singidunum Univ
- 106Universidade de Coimbra
- 107University of Belgrade
- 108Chulalongkorn University
- 109Fdn Univ Konrad Lorenz
- 110Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
- 111Ferdowsi University Mashhad
- 112State University System of Florida
- 113Fo Guang University
- 114FOM Univ Appl Sci
- 115Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
- 116Franklin & Marshall College
- 117Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
- 118Government College University Lahore
- 119University System of Georgia
- 120Ghent University
- 121Grenoble Ecole Management
- 122Hacettepe University
- 123Ibn Tofail University of Kenitra
- 124Imperial College London
- 125INSEAD Business School
- 126Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences
- 127Beijing Normal University
- 128Eotvos Lorand University
- 129Leibniz University Hannover
- 130University of Hildesheim
- 131HUN-REN
- 132University of Silesia in Katowice
- 133University of Wroclaw
- 134National University of Cordoba
- 135Tecnologico de Monterrey
- 136Instituto Universitario de Lisboa
- 137Ithaca College
- 138Jose Rizal University
- 139Karl Landsteiner Univ Hlth Sci
- 140Karolinska Institutet
- 141Kozminski University
- 142Kyushu University
- 143La Trobe University
- 144Wilfrid Laurier University
- 145Leeds Beckett University
- 146Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
- 147Stockholm University
- 148Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes
- 149Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 150Macedonian Acad Sci & Arts
- 151University of Mannheim
- 152Michigan State University
- 153Middle East Technical University
- 154University of Vermont
- 155Sampurna Montfort Coll
- 156National & Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 157Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
- 158New York University
- 159Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
- 160Lovisenberg Diaconal Hosp
- 161Norvel Psychol Ctr Counselling & Res
- 162Occidental College
- 163Paul Valery Montpellier Univ
- 164Prague University of Economics & Business
- 165PSA Psihesko
- 166University of Delhi
- 167Swansea University
- 168Purdue University System
- 169Radboud University Nijmegen
- 170Samsun University
- 171Univ Konstanz
- 172Saint Joseph's University
- 173University of the Sunshine Coast
- 174University of Auckland
- 175University of Aberdeen
- 176Nanjing Normal University
- 177Ollscoil na Gaillimhe-University of Galway
- 178Univ Birmingham
- 179University of Nottingham Malaysia
- 180University of Surrey
- 181Singapore Management University
- 182Senshu Univ
- 183Sewanee: University of the South
- 184Bar Ilan University
- 185University of Sofia
- 186Southern Illinois University System
- 187Stevens Institute of Technology
- 188TA Pai Management Inst
- 189Tarbiat Modares University
- 190Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK)
- 191University of Adelaide
- 192University of Alabama System
- 193Tilburg University
- 194UiT The Arctic University of Tromso
- 195Universidad de Sonora
- 196Universidad del Rosario
- 197Univ Latina Costa Rica
- 198Univ Reg Amazon Ikiam
- 199Univ Cruzeiro
- 200Universite de Lorraine
- 201Universite Paris Cite
- 202Univ Paul Valery Montpellier
- 203University College Cork
- 204Baskent University
- 205University of Bergen
- 206University of Birmingham
- 207Universidade de Brasilia
- 208University of California System
- 209University of Delaware
- 210University of Denver
- 211University of Dhaka
- 212Univ Econ & Human Sci Warsaw
- 213University of Essex
- 214University of Graz
- 215University of Kent
- 216Univ Limerick
- 217University of Louisiana Lafayette
- 218University of Milano-Bicocca
- 219University of Opole
- 220University of Queensland
- 221Univ Southern Indiana
- 222University of Tabriz
- 223Univ Fraser Valley
- 224University of the Philippines System
- 225University of Warwick
- 226University of Wisconsin System
- 227University of Wuppertal
- 228University of Zadar
- 229University of Quebec
- 230Uskudar University
- 231Virginia Commonwealth University
- 232Waseda University
- 233Western Kentucky University
- 234Witten Herdecke Univ
- 235Zurich University of Applied Sciences
- 236Athens University of Economics & Business
- 237Univ Virginia
- 238Tufts University
- 239Harrisburg Univ Sci & Technol
- 240United States International University Africa
Journal
nature human behaviour
ISSN
2397-3374
Open Access
green
Volume
5
Start page
1089
End page
1110
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world.