Villa Martinez, Rodrigo Patricio

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Villa Martinez, Rodrigo Patricio

Afiliación principal

Centro de Investigación Gaia Antártica

rodrigo.villa@umag.cl

ORCID

0000-0001-6041-4393

Jerarquía académica

Prof. Asociado/a

Línea de investigación

Ciencia Antartica y Subantartica

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Mostrando 1 - 5 de 5

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DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107899
Fires and rates of change in the temperate rainforests of northwestern Patagonia since-18 ka
2023-01-15
Moreno, Patricio
;
Mendez, Cesar
;
Henriquez, Carla A.
;
Fercovic, Emilia
;
Videla, Javiera
;
Reyes, Omar
;
Villacis, Leonardo A.
;
Villa Martinez, Rodrigo Patricio
;
Alloway, Brent
We examine the temporal and spatial structure of wildfires and rates of vegetation change in the Pacific sector of northwestern Patagonia (40 degrees-44 degrees S) over the last-18,000 years. Macroscopic Charcoal Accu-mulation Rates (CHAR), a proxy of past local fires, shows a geographic variation that mirrors the modern north-to-south and low-to-high elevation increase in annual precipitation and decrease in precipitation seasonality, and the frequency of explosive volcanic events. Variability in past fires is evident at multiple timescales, with a significant multi-millennial low between-18-13.1 ka, an abrupt rise between-13.1 -12.5 ka, and heightened fire activity between-11.4-8.2 ka with significant high values between-10 -9.4 ka. A subsequent decline led to the lowest Holocene values between-6-5.4 ka, which rose and led to significant high values between-3.1 ka and the present. Andean and Western Upwind Environments share a multi-millennial structure of fire activity since-18 ka, overprinted by millennial and centennial -scale divergences. These differences underscore the role of explosive volcanism as a trigger or modulator of fire activity in the vicinity of Andean eruptive centers. We posit that fire activity in Western Upwind Environments was driven primarily by hydroclimate variations, namely changes in the intensity of the Southern Westerly Winds. Compilations of CHAR and the Rates of Change (ROC) parameter, a measure of the magnitude and rapidity of changes in the pollen records, covary during the onset of the interglacial fire regime at-13.1 ka and the last-4000 years, suggesting that fires catalyzed vegetation changes during specific intervals since the last glaciation. Highly mobile human occupations deployed along the coasts started at-6.2 ka, increased in pulses, and spread widely during the last two millennia. Covariation with CHAR and ROC since-4 ka suggests that hunter-gatherer -fishers contributed to enhanced fire activity and abrupt vegetation changes at regional scale. The ubiquitous fire maximum over the last four cen-turies relates to widespread settlement and associated large-scale land clearance conducted by Euro-pean/Chilean settlers.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107899
Fires and rates of change in the temperate rainforests of northwestern Patagonia since-18 ka
2023-01-15
Moreno, Patricio
;
Mendez, Cesar
;
Henriquez, Carla A.
;
Fercovic, Emilia
;
Videla, Javiera
;
Reyes, Omar
;
Villacis, Leonardo A.
;
Villa Martinez, Rodrigo Patricio
;
Alloway, Brent
We examine the temporal and spatial structure of wildfires and rates of vegetation change in the Pacific sector of northwestern Patagonia (40 degrees-44 degrees S) over the last-18,000 years. Macroscopic Charcoal Accu-mulation Rates (CHAR), a proxy of past local fires, shows a geographic variation that mirrors the modern north-to-south and low-to-high elevation increase in annual precipitation and decrease in precipitation seasonality, and the frequency of explosive volcanic events. Variability in past fires is evident at multiple timescales, with a significant multi-millennial low between-18-13.1 ka, an abrupt rise between-13.1 -12.5 ka, and heightened fire activity between-11.4-8.2 ka with significant high values between-10 -9.4 ka. A subsequent decline led to the lowest Holocene values between-6-5.4 ka, which rose and led to significant high values between-3.1 ka and the present. Andean and Western Upwind Environments share a multi-millennial structure of fire activity since-18 ka, overprinted by millennial and centennial -scale divergences. These differences underscore the role of explosive volcanism as a trigger or modulator of fire activity in the vicinity of Andean eruptive centers. We posit that fire activity in Western Upwind Environments was driven primarily by hydroclimate variations, namely changes in the intensity of the Southern Westerly Winds. Compilations of CHAR and the Rates of Change (ROC) parameter, a measure of the magnitude and rapidity of changes in the pollen records, covary during the onset of the interglacial fire regime at-13.1 ka and the last-4000 years, suggesting that fires catalyzed vegetation changes during specific intervals since the last glaciation. Highly mobile human occupations deployed along the coasts started at-6.2 ka, increased in pulses, and spread widely during the last two millennia. Covariation with CHAR and ROC since-4 ka suggests that hunter-gatherer -fishers contributed to enhanced fire activity and abrupt vegetation changes at regional scale. The ubiquitous fire maximum over the last four cen-turies relates to widespread settlement and associated large-scale land clearance conducted by Euro-pean/Chilean settlers.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Scopus© Citations 19 5
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DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104240
Glacier and terrestrial ecosystem evolution in the Chilotan archipelago sector of northwestern Patagonia since the Last Glacial Termination
2022-12
Moreno, P.
;
Fercovic, E.
;
Soteres, R. L.
;
Ugalde, P.
;
Sagredo, E. A.
;
Villa Martinez, Rodrigo Patricio
We examine the glacier, terrestrial ecosystem, and climate evolution since the Last Glacial Termination (T1) based on glacial sediments/landform assemblages and palynological data from the Chilotan archipelago (41 degrees 30 ' S-43 degrees 30 ' S), northwestern Patagonia. Deglacial warming drove recession of the Golfo Corcovado glacier lobe from the Last Glacial Maximum moraines in the interior of Isla Grande de Chiloe ' (IGC) before-17.8 ka, along with a rapid and irreversible trend toward arboreal dominance. Subsequent glacier stabilization led to deposition of the innermost moraines in eastern IGC and adjacent islands sometime between-17.5-16.9 ka, followed by an acceleration in glacial retreat that vacated the Chilotan Interior Sea in-200 years or less. Early successional cold-tolerant shade-intolerant trees prevailed during the initial stages of T1, followed by temperate rainforests dominated by thermophilous shade-tolerant species between-15-14.5 ka. A mixed forest with cold -tolerant hygrophilous conifers established between-14.5-12.6 ka, implying cooler climate and stronger Southern Westerly Wind (SWW) influence during the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Stand-replacing fires favored early successional shade-intolerant trees, shrubs, and herbs between-12.6-10.8 ka in response to milder temperatures and weaker SWW during Younger Dryas time. The early Holocene (-10.8-7.5 ka) features a maximum in shade -intolerant thermophilous trees, absence of conifers, and peak fire activity, signaling a warm/dry interval with minimum SWW influence. Cooler/wetter conditions have prevailed over the last-7500 years driven by strong SWW influence. We conclude that Patagonian glaciers and terrestrial ecosystems responded simultaneously to climate changes at regional, hemispheric, and global scales multiple times since T1. We adhere to the concept that millennial-scale variations in the SWW linked the response of the hydro-bio and cryosphere across the southern mid-and high southern latitudes, and were teleconnected with northern hemisphere events through the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, latitudinal shifts in the Intertropical convergence zone, and deep ocean circulation.
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DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104240
Glacier and terrestrial ecosystem evolution in the Chilotan archipelago sector of northwestern Patagonia since the Last Glacial Termination
2022-12
Moreno, P.
;
Fercovic, E.
;
Soteres, R. L.
;
Ugalde, P.
;
Sagredo, E. A.
;
Villa Martinez, Rodrigo Patricio
We examine the glacier, terrestrial ecosystem, and climate evolution since the Last Glacial Termination (T1) based on glacial sediments/landform assemblages and palynological data from the Chilotan archipelago (41 degrees 30 ' S-43 degrees 30 ' S), northwestern Patagonia. Deglacial warming drove recession of the Golfo Corcovado glacier lobe from the Last Glacial Maximum moraines in the interior of Isla Grande de Chiloe ' (IGC) before-17.8 ka, along with a rapid and irreversible trend toward arboreal dominance. Subsequent glacier stabilization led to deposition of the innermost moraines in eastern IGC and adjacent islands sometime between-17.5-16.9 ka, followed by an acceleration in glacial retreat that vacated the Chilotan Interior Sea in-200 years or less. Early successional cold-tolerant shade-intolerant trees prevailed during the initial stages of T1, followed by temperate rainforests dominated by thermophilous shade-tolerant species between-15-14.5 ka. A mixed forest with cold -tolerant hygrophilous conifers established between-14.5-12.6 ka, implying cooler climate and stronger Southern Westerly Wind (SWW) influence during the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Stand-replacing fires favored early successional shade-intolerant trees, shrubs, and herbs between-12.6-10.8 ka in response to milder temperatures and weaker SWW during Younger Dryas time. The early Holocene (-10.8-7.5 ka) features a maximum in shade -intolerant thermophilous trees, absence of conifers, and peak fire activity, signaling a warm/dry interval with minimum SWW influence. Cooler/wetter conditions have prevailed over the last-7500 years driven by strong SWW influence. We conclude that Patagonian glaciers and terrestrial ecosystems responded simultaneously to climate changes at regional, hemispheric, and global scales multiple times since T1. We adhere to the concept that millennial-scale variations in the SWW linked the response of the hydro-bio and cryosphere across the southern mid-and high southern latitudes, and were teleconnected with northern hemisphere events through the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, latitudinal shifts in the Intertropical convergence zone, and deep ocean circulation.
Scopus© Citations 15 3
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DOI 10.1038/s41598-018-21836-6
Onset and Evolution of Southern Annular Mode-Like Changes at Centennial Timescale
2018-2-22
Moreno, P. I.
;
Vilanova, I.
;
Villa Martinez, Rodrigo Patricio
;
Dunbar, R. B.
;
Mucciarone, D. A.
;
Kaplan, M. R.
;
Garreaud, R. D.
;
Rojas, M.
;
Moy, C. M.
;
De Pol Holz, Ricardo Hernán
The Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) are the surface expression of geostrophic winds that encircle the southern mid-latitudes. In conjunction with the Southern Ocean, they establish a coupled system that not only controls climate in the southern third of the world, but is also closely connected to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and CO2 degassing from the deep ocean. Paradoxically, little is known about their behavior since the last ice age and relationships with mid-latitude glacier history and tropical climate variability. Here we present a lake sediment record from Chilean Patagonia (51 degrees S) that reveals fluctuations of the low-level SWW at mid-latitudes, including strong westerlies during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, anomalously low intensity during the early Holocene, which was unfavorable for glacier growth, and strong SWW since similar to 7.5 ka. We detect nine positive Southern Annular Mode-like events at centennial timescale since similar to 5.8 ka that alternate with cold/wet intervals favorable for glacier expansions (Neoglaciations) in southern Patagonia. The correspondence of key features of mid-latitude atmospheric circulation with shifts in tropical climate since similar to 10 ka suggests that coherent climatic shifts in these regions have driven climate change in vast sectors of the Southern Hemisphere at centennial and millennial timescales.
Scopus© Citations 136 1

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